Calcium (Ca)
General Properties
| Symbol | Ca |
|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 20 |
| Atomic Weight | 40.078 |
| Group |
2 (alkaline earth metals or beryllium family)
IIA (IUPAC), IIA (CAS)
Solid, Paramagnetic, Conductor, Alkaline Earth Metal, Metal, Stable, Natural
|
| Period | 4 |
| Block | s |
Physical Properties
| Density | 1.55 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 29.9 cm3/mole |
| Atomic Radius | 1.97 angstroms |
| Covalent Radius | 174 pm |
| Crust Abundance | 5% |
| Crystal Structure | Cubic: Face centered |
| Color | Silver |
States
| Melting Point | 839.0 °C |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | 1484.0 °C |
| Heat of Fusion | 8.53 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 154.67 kJ/mol |
Energy
| Electronegativity | 1.0 (Pauling Scale) |
|---|---|
| Electron Affinity | 2.37 kJ/mol |
| 1st Ionization Energy | 590 kJ/mol |
| 2e Ionization Energy | 1145.4 kJ/mol |
| 3e Ionization Energy | 4912.4 kJ/mol |
| 4e Ionization Energy | 6491 kJ/mol |
| 5e Ionization Energy | 8153 kJ/mol |
| 6e Ionization Energy | 10496 kJ/mol |
| 7e Ionization Energy | 12270 kJ/mol |
| 8e Ionization Energy | 14206 kJ/mol |
| 9e Ionization Energy | 18191 kJ/mol |
| 10e Ionization Energy | 20385 kJ/mol |
| 11e Ionization Energy | 57110 kJ/mol |
| 12e Ionization Energy | 63410 kJ/mol |
| 13e Ionization Energy | 70110 kJ/mol |
| 14e Ionization Energy | 78890 kJ/mol |
| 15e Ionization Energy | 86310 kJ/mol |
| 16e Ionization Energy | 94000 kJ/mol |
| 17e Ionization Energy | 104900 kJ/mol |
| 18e Ionization Energy | 111711 kJ/mol |
| 19e Ionization Energy | 494850 kJ/mol |
| 20e Ionization Energy | 527762 kJ/mol |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 0.647 J g−1 K−1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 200.0 W·m−1·K−1 |
Electrons & Oxidation
| Oxidation States | 2 |
|---|---|
| Electrons Per Shell | 2 8 8 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 4s2 |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 | |
|
Orbital Diagram
1s ↿⇂ 2s ↿⇂ 2p ↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿⇂ 3s ↿⇂ 3p ↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿⇂ 3d 4s ↿⇂ 4p 4d 4f |
|
Nuclear
| Radioactive | No |
|---|
Media
- Description
- Fairly hard, silvery-white metal. Fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust (41,500 ppm). Occurs only in compounds.
- Uses
- Used by many forms of life to make shells and bones. Virtually no use for the pure metal, however two of its compounds are, lime (CaO) and gypsum (CaSO4), are in great demand by a number of industries.
- Sources
- Obtained from minerals like chalk, limestone & marble. Pure metal is produced by replacing the calcium in lime (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) with aluminium in hot, low pressure retorts.
- Pronounciation (English)
- KAL-si-em
Translations
| Afrikaans | Kalsium | |
| Aragonese | Calzio | |
| العربية | كلسيوم | |
| Armãneashte | Caltsiumu | |
| asturianu | Calciu | |
| azərbaycan | Kalsium | |
| български | Калций | |
| বাংলা | ক্যালসিয়াম | |
| brezhoneg | Kalsiom | |
| bosanski | Kalcij[um] | |
| Byelorussian | Кальцый | |
| Cebuano | Kalsyo | |
| čeština | Vápník | |
| Chuvash | Кальци | |
| Cymraeg | Calci | |
| dansk | Calcium, Kalcium | |
| Deutsch | Kalzium | |
| Ελληνικά | Ασβεστιο | |
| English | Calcium | |
| esperanto | Kalcio | |
| español | Calcio | |
| eesti | Kaltsium | |
| euskara | Kaltzioa | |
| فارسی | کلسیم | |
| suomi | Kalsium | |
| føroyskt | Kalsium | |
| français | Calcium | |
| furlan | Calci | |
| Frysk | Kalsium | |
| Gaeilge | Cailciam | |
| Gàidhlig | Cailciam | |
| galego | Calcio | |
| ગુજરાતી | કૅલ્શિયમનો | |
| Gaelg | Kelkium | |
| Hakka Chinese | Koi (鈣) | |
| עברית | סידן | |
| हिन्दी | कैल्शियम | |
| hrvatski | Kalcij | |
| magyar | Kalcium | |
| հայերեն | Կալցիում | |
| Indonesia | Kalsium | |
| íslenska | Kalsín | |
| italiano | Calcio | |
| 日本語 | カルシウム | |
| ქართული | კალციუმი | |
| کٲشُر | Kalcéń | |
| қазақ тілі | Кальций | |
| 한국어 | 칼슘 | |
| kurdî | Kalsiyûm | |
| Komi | Кальций | |
| kernewek | Calcyum | |
| кыргызча | Кальций | |
| Latin | Calcium | |
| Lëtzebuergesch | Kalzium | |
| Lombard | Calc | |
| lingála | Kalisu | |
| lietuvių | Kalcis | |
| latviešu | Kalcijs | |
| Mari | Кальций | |
| Māori | Konupūmā | |
| македонски | Калциум | |
| മലയാളം | കാല്സ്യം | |
| монгол | Кальци | |
| Мокшан | Пургев | |
| Melayu | Kalsium | |
| Malti | Kalsjum, ²Kalċju | |
| Nahuatl | Tenextepoztli | |
| Nederlands | Calcium | |
| norsk | Kalsium | |
| Occitan | Calci | |
| ирон | Кальций | |
| polski | Wapń | |
| português | Cálcio | |
| Runasimi | Isku q'illay, ²Kalsyu | |
| română | Calciu | |
| русский | Кальций | |
| slovenčina | Vápník | |
| slovenščina | Kalcij | |
| Samoan | Kalsimi | |
| Samogitian | Kalcis | |
| shqip | Kalcium | |
| српски | Калцијум | |
| Southern Sotho | Kalsiamo | |
| svenska | Kalcium | |
| Kiswahili | Kalisi | |
| தமிழ் | கலசியம் | |
| тоҷикӣ | Кальций | |
| ไทย | แคลเซียม | |
| Türkçe | Kalsiyum | |
| ئۇيغۇرچە | كالتىسىي | |
| українська | Кальцій | |
| o‘zbek | Kalsiy | |
| Tiếng Việt | Canxi | |
| Võro | Kaltsium | |
| 中文 | 鈣 |
History
- Discovered In
- 1808
- Discovered By
- Sir Humphrey Davy
- Discovered At
- England
- Word Origin
- From the Latin word "calx" meaning "lime"